Rabies is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system of mammals, including cats. Although it’s more commonly associated with dogs, cats can also contract rabies, especially if they spend time outdoors or are exposed to wild animals. Rabies is almost always fatal once symptoms appear, so recognizing the signs early can save not only your cat but also prevent potential harm to humans and other animals. This article covers the symptoms of rabies in cats, how it spreads, and preventive measures to protect your feline companion.
What Is Rabies?
Rabies is caused by the rabies virus, which is transmitted through the saliva of an infected animal. Cats are typically infected by bites from wildlife such as bats, raccoons, foxes, or skunks. Once the virus enters the body, it travels through the nervous system and attacks the brain, leading to neurological symptoms.
Rabies is classified into two forms:
- Furious Rabies: This is the most common form, characterized by aggressive behavior.
- Paralytic (Dumb) Rabies: This form is marked by muscle weakness and paralysis.
The incubation period—the time between exposure to the virus and the onset of symptoms—can vary from a few days to several months, but in most cases, symptoms appear within 10 days to 6 months after exposure.
Early Symptoms of Rabies in Cats
The early symptoms of rabies in cats may be subtle and resemble other illnesses, making it difficult to diagnose without proper testing. However, there are a few key signs to watch out for in the early stages of the disease:
Behavioral Changes:
- One of the first noticeable symptoms is a change in behavior. Cats that are normally calm may become agitated or overly aggressive. Conversely, friendly cats may suddenly become reclusive, hiding or avoiding people and other pets.
Unexplained Restlessness:
- Cats may show signs of restlessness, pacing, or wandering aimlessly. They may also appear unusually tense or anxious.
Excessive Vocalization:
- Cats with rabies may start to vocalize excessively, meowing or growling more than usual. This is often due to discomfort or confusion.
Fever:
- A slight fever may occur in the early stages, although this symptom is less noticeable in cats without a thermometer.
Advanced Symptoms of Rabies in Cats
As the disease progresses, more severe symptoms begin to manifest. These symptoms usually occur in the furious or paralytic stages and are more indicative of rabies.
Furious Rabies
In the furious form, symptoms of rabies in cats become more dramatic and noticeable:
Aggression:
- Cats may display unprovoked aggression, attacking humans, other pets, or even inanimate objects. Biting, scratching, and growling are common signs.
Hypersensitivity:
- Rabid cats often become hypersensitive to touch, sound, and light. They may react violently to stimuli that wouldn’t normally bother them.
Hyperactivity:
- Cats may display unusual amounts of energy, darting around erratically or exhibiting obsessive behaviors like chasing their tail or biting at nothing.
Uncoordinated Movements (Ataxia):
- As the disease attacks the nervous system, cats may lose coordination, stumbling, wobbling, or falling over when they try to walk.
Paralytic (Dumb) Rabies
The paralytic form of rabies is quieter but just as deadly. In this stage, the virus causes gradual paralysis and a decline in muscle control:
Weakness and Paralysis:
- One of the most telling signs of paralytic rabies is muscle weakness, particularly in the hind legs. Over time, this can lead to complete paralysis, starting in the limbs and eventually affecting the whole body.
Difficulty Swallowing:
- Cats with rabies may experience difficulty swallowing due to muscle paralysis in the throat. This can lead to excessive drooling or foaming at the mouth, a classic symptom of rabies.
Seizures:
- Seizures or convulsions can occur in the later stages of the disease as the virus attacks the brain.
Respiratory Failure and Death:
- As the disease progresses, paralysis will affect the respiratory system, leading to difficulty breathing and, eventually, death.
Transmission of Rabies
Rabies is typically transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, as the virus is present in saliva. In some cases, transmission can occur through scratches or open wounds, but this is less common.
It’s important to note that rabies is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. If you suspect your cat may have been exposed to rabies, it’s essential to avoid direct contact with their saliva and immediately contact your veterinarian.
Diagnosing Rabies in Cats
Rabies can only be definitively diagnosed through a post-mortem examination of brain tissue, meaning the diagnosis is often confirmed after the cat has passed away. However, if a cat is suspected of having rabies, quarantine and observation are necessary.
Prevention of Rabies in Cats
Vaccination:
- Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent rabies in cats. Many regions require rabies vaccinations by law, and keeping your cat’s shots up to date is essential. Rabies vaccines are usually administered during a cat’s first year of life and then every one to three years, depending on the type of vaccine used.
Keep Cats Indoors:
- Limiting your cat’s exposure to wildlife is one of the best ways to reduce the risk of rabies. Keeping your cat indoors, or under supervision when outside, can help prevent contact with infected animals.
Monitor for Symptoms:
- If you notice any changes in your cat’s behavior, such as aggression, restlessness, or hypersensitivity, contact your veterinarian immediately.
Immediate Action After Bites:
- If your cat is bitten or scratched by another animal, seek veterinary care right away. Your vet can assess the risk of rabies and administer a booster vaccine if needed.
What to Do If Your Cat Shows Symptoms of Rabies
If you suspect that your cat is displaying symptoms of rabies, it’s crucial to act quickly. Avoid direct contact with the cat’s saliva or open wounds. Isolate the cat in a safe, secure area away from other animals and people, and contact a veterinarian or local animal control agency immediately. Do not attempt to handle the cat without protective gear, as rabies can be transmitted through bites and scratches.
Rabies is a serious and deadly disease, but with proper vaccination and preventive measures, it can be avoided. Recognizing the early signs of rabies in cats, such as behavioral changes and hypersensitivity, is critical to protecting your cat and those around you. Always ensure your cat is up to date on its rabies vaccinations, and if you suspect your cat may have been exposed to the virus, seek veterinary help immediately. By staying informed and vigilant, you can keep your feline companion safe from this life-threatening disease.
